BUSINESS FINANCE Assessment 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

BUSINESS FINANCE Assessment 1 - Research Paper utilizationQ3)Face prize = $ c0N= 30 yearsCoupon rate = 8%(a) YTM if set is $900.Since toll YTM coupon rate.Price at 9% 80 x PVIFA (9%, 25yr) + 80/ (1.09) 26 + 80/ (1.09) 27 + 80/ (1.09) 28 + 80 / (1.09) 29 + 1080/ (1.09)30= $ 897.3Price at 7% 80 x PVIFA (7%, 25yr) + 80/ (1.07) 26 + 80/ (1.07) 27 + 80/ (1.07) 28 + 80/ (1.07) 29 + 1080/ (1.07)30= $ 1123.8Price at 8% $1000By interpolation,YTM = 8% + (1000-900)/ (1000-897.3)YTM = 8.97%(b) YTM if Price is $1000.Since Price = Face valueYTM = Coupon yardHence YTM = 8%.(c) YTM if Price is $1,100Since Price Face ValueYTM Price at 7% = $1123.8Price at 9% = $897.3By interpolation,YTM = 7% + (1123.8-1100)/ (1123.8-897.3)YTM = 7.11%(d) The relationship between yield to maturity and bond outlay is that the yield to maturity is that discount rate that makes the present value of the bonds coupon payments equal to its price.Q4)a) Eps = $6, r = 15%, hard roe = 15%, G =, Price = (i) Plowback dime nsion = 0 %g = ROE x Plowback ratio = 0.15 x 0g = 0%Po = Div/ r -gSince nothing is plowed back in the firm, all the earnings are given out as dividends, therefore Div = 6Po = 6/ 0.15-0Po = $ 40(ii) Plowback ratio = 40%g = ROE x Plowback ratio = 0.15 x 0.4g = 0.06 or 6%Po = Div/ r -gSince 40% is plowed back, 60% is given out as dividends, therefore Div = 6 x 0.6 = 3.6Po = 3.6/0.15-0.06Po = $ 40(iii) Plowback ratio = 60%g = ROE x Plow back ratio = 0.15 x 0.6g = 0.09 or 9%Po= Div/r-gSince 60 % is plowed back, 40% is given out as dividends, therefore Div = 6 x 0.4 = 2.4Po = 2.4/ 0.15 - 0.09Po = $ 40b) Eps =$6, r =15%, ROE = 20%, g =, P =i) Plowback ratio 0%g = ROE x Plowback ratio = 0.2 x 0g = 0%Po =... Since project E has the highest profitability index, it should be chosen first and then project C. Since the investment budget is of $ 8 million, drop in these two projects would also equal to $ 8 million.Since X Ltd has a higher standard deviation, it direction there is more risk and a greater variation of returns and thus a high pass that the expected return will not originate. Co-efficient of variance is another measure of determining riskiness of a business and since X Ltd also has a higher co-efficient of variance, it signifies that its a more risky business. Thus 100% investment in Y Ltd is a better investment. Other than that, if recession hits the economy, X Ltd will wholly go out of business. This is one more reason for not opting for investment in X Ltd.d) Value investors are those who use dividends to value their investments. Regular income is wanted by them and they look for quality companies with earnings records and projects they look at the market has under-valued. They tend to hold the under valued stocks for a longer duration and eventually undertake advantage of the rise in share price that the earnings growth brings in the long run. addition investors are those who use stock prices to value their investments.

Alkali flies in the Mono Basin (Mono Lake) Article

Alkali flies in the Mono Basin (Mono Lake) - Article practiceAlkali flies excessively known as brine flies or Ephydra hians are a very rare species to find (Eagen 29). This is attributable to the fact that the species breeds well only in certain habitats, specially in alkaline waters. This probably explains why the insect is called the alkali gasify. Found in Mono Lake, California, the fly breeds well on the surface, shorelines, as well as beneath the lake. Most of these species of fly are off-key brown in color with an adult measuring between 4 to 7 mm eagle-eyed (Carle, and Banta 25). The fly has segmented thorax, which is bluish in color, while the wings are brownish in color. foreign the ordinary flies, alkali flies normally spend most of their life circles entirely beneath the water surface. This makes the fly unique in addition to the fact that it breeds well in alkaline environment.Mono Lake is unitary of the most dominant lakes in California. Circular in shape, Mono Lake draws most of its waters from the surrounding streams. However, since the lake has no outlet, the lake is highly alkaline (Eagen 29 Jiang, Steward, Jellison, Chu, Choi 19). This is attributable to the continuous accumulation of salt in the lake. A enquiry conducted more than three decades ago indicated a correlation between the alkalinity of Mono Lake and the availability of alkali flies. gibe to the research, the alkalinity of Mono Lake provides a suitable breeding ground for alkali flies (Tierney 15).Other researchers have also demonstrated that salinity and alkalinity of Mono Lake has a huge impact on the algae found on the lake. The presence of these algae on the lake also influences the growth and development of alkali-fly. According to Wiens, Patten and Botkin (595), the salinity of the lake makes it tricky for algae to thrive. This leads to a reduction in the number of algae in Mono Lake, thereby induce larvae to utilize high amount of energy to rummage. This normally leaves very little osmoregualation to take

Teenage drug addicts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

juvenile drug addicts - look for ExampleA study by National Center of Education Statistics during the year 2009 found give away that the main earth of this proliferating numbers of teen drug addicts is that 22% of high school teens atomic number 18 organism provided in drugs in their respective schools (Russell, 2008). This teen macrocosm, around 45% of this part of teen population cannot get out any risk due to excessive drug use. That means lack of aw atomic number 18ness is the dominant reason that has light-emitting diode to such a grave issue. Teens living in UK be also in the running. They withal fall in the same category that is severely attacked by this issue of Drug Abuse. They too are falling in the trap and ruining their lives, UKs society and the country as a whole. Teen Drug Addiction in UK Causes, Effects and Current Trends Even after the governments some(prenominal) attempts of implementing strict policies on its teen population, the numbers of Teenage Drug Addicts in Britain are increasing at a high rate. The deaths in Britain due to drug abuse rose from 1952 to2182 deaths in total. Before peeking into the human of Teen Drug addicts in UK, we first need to know who these drugs came into this country and ruined the lives of many pile, enjoying their teenage life. In case of Cocaine, UK is considered to be the most affected country due to drug abuse in the entire world. With 2% regular users of cocaine in UK, teens living between these people will certainly fall in this trap and try their first drug, and this is what really happened. With a 19million share of the cost of drugs in the GDP of UK, more than 40% of this is paid by the UK teens. These figures clearly demonstrate the scenario of drug addicts who are teenagers and are living in Britain (Plant, et al, 2010). Overview of Teen drug Addiction During the time 2008 to 2009, around 8.1% increase has been observed in the number of teen drug users in UK. In UK, drug abuse is not jus t an epidemic, entirely a plaque. United Kingdom has a long history of teen drug abuse in its regards, because it was the first ever country of European Union that was reported to see the emergence of the drug misuse. In United Kingdom, drugs are commonly supplied around the country thats why teens cannot find difficult in finding them and becoming huge big drug addicts in a short time period. This has led to a creation of social norm about this country as now the teen population have become really open minded when it comes to use drugs openly in social gatherings (Paylor et al, 2012). The accepted scenario of teen drug addicts in Britain has illustrated that this issue is getting out of hand. In a European Schools persuasion Project, with 42% teen boys and 39% teen girls, illegal drugs have been used. Alcohol abuse, alcohol one of those drugs wide used in teenagers in UK, is prevailing commonly in UK, and this situation is getting worse in case of girls. Professor Martin Plant, of the University of West of England said cardinal of the big problems is that vast numbers of young people who engage in these behaviors believe that they are completely invulnerable. Causes of Teen Drug Addiction One of the reasons of a high rate of teenage drug addicts in UK reported by this professor are poor parenting. Parents living in UK are very broad minded and don

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Questions - Essay ExamplePolicies of the Company were frame in from the head office which did not allow for the tailoring of policies to suit the needs of the local regional markets. The enclose of decisions from the head office also made the operations of the Company more bureaucratic and customers were less efficiently served. Hence, this decision making framework was not appropriate to serve the complexities of the international environment.The Company has recently recognised this and has reorganized its structure by establishing a regional structure to bring decision making approximate to its clients. The decision making structure has been reorganized to give greater decision making power to regional heads. This allows greater client focus and to achieve global product excellence. It allows managers to be receptive to the needs of the regional economies and helps to make the organization leaner and more efficient. The Company has taken steps to reduce the complexity of its d escent operations and reorganized its internal structure to adapt to its external environment.2. Hickson et al (1971) have proposed the strategic contingencies supposition of intra organizational power. This theory suggests that the uttermost of power of sub units will be intendd by the extent of power they have over contingencies. Every organization is riddled with uncertainties about future events due to the miss of available information. The ability of the subunits to cope effectively with these uncertainties and reduce their impact for other sub units will determine the extent of intra organizational power that they have. When a subunits work is linked more pervasively to others in the organization, and when the sub unit is able to respond immediately and affect the activities of others in the organization, it is likely to enthral a greater power than the other sub-units.In my organization which is a banking conglomerate,

Is it free market or regulated financial systems that underpin Essay

Is it wanton market or regulated monetary systems that underpin long-term stinting success and effective collective governance - Essay Examplehe financial system through restrictions, laws, requirements and guidelines aimed at influencing the economic outcome, protecting the consumers or environment as hygienic as maintaining the integrity or stability of the financial system.The major problem is that any occurrence of financial crises has been perceived as a failure of the brasss or other relevant institutions to apply the necessary restrictive control measures to avert such financial crises (Bernanke, 2000, p.21). On the other hand, the increased government involvement in matters of both market and financial systems regulation has been perceived as highhandedness on the part of the government, and thus criticized on the basis of stifling the free subprogram of the markets. Thus, either way, the law of unintended consequences always applies. The issue of the operation of the economy and the markets is a tricky one, due to the fact that a complete lack of control of the economic operations by the government makes economic crises more likely and severe in the future (Doepke and Schneider, 2010, p.72).Generally, government or formal regulation that is too heavy may stifle future financial efficiency, temporary hookup at the same time hindering innovation (Meltzer, 2004, p.163). However, although free market is necessary for economic growth, some(prenominal) critics argue that it may not be sufficient condition for economic success and effective bodily governance. This paper seeks to critically compargon the free market and the regulated market systems with a view to evaluating whether it is free market or regulated financial systems that underpin long-term economic success and effective corporate governance using the five major economies namely the USA, UK, Japan, Germany and China as case studies.There are a number of theories that have sought to expl ain the potential impacts of different financial systems on the overall long term economic success of a country and effective corporate governance. For example, the Theory of

Analyse why the requirements for patentability of an invention are so Essay

Analyse why the requirements for patentability of an ruse are so strict. Explain, with reasons, whether this is justified - Essay Example(Brettell, Barker).A letters patent is defined as a legal document granted by the government vainglorious an inventor the exclusive right to make, use and sell an invention for a specified number of years. The assay of the patent system is to encourage inventors to advance the state of technology by awarding them special rights to put on from their inventions. Patent Law has also been extended to cover Computer programs and various living organisms, such as specialized mice used in cancer research. A recent trend in the field of Patent Law is the extension of patentability to new ways of doing business for example the method of conducting an auction on the meshing is patented. With respect to books, movies, and works of art the law of copyright is applicable. (Schechter, Roger E).1First, it must be novel in the grit that the invention did not have prior existence. This get out be determined by the patent examiners who will make all efforts to determine the nature of the invention and if they find that the proposed invention had already been described in previous patents or written about in scientific magazines, then they will declare that the invention has been anticipated. Whenever it is concluded that such an eventuality has transpired then in such cases, the patent will be denied. The next case law illustrates this pointSecondly, the invention must not be obvious, which implies that the invention must be a significant improvement over the existing technology. Rudimentary changes to previously known devices do not qualify an invention for a patentable invention. The relevant case law in this regard is as followsThese decisions clearly show that unless the inventive step is new and non obvious a patent will not be granted. The stringency of the patent act is clearly illustrated here and no exceptions are