Workplace Bullying An Today s Society - 2081 Words

Workplace Bullying: An Over-Reaction in Today’s Society Torrie Palmer Southeastern Oklahoma State University Abstract Workplace bullying is a hot button topic in today’s society. Bullying is a subjective term, but is most widely known as using one’s strength to intimidate, control, discourage, or just be plain mean to a weaker individual. There is a huge over-reaction to bullying in today’s society, and it is a manifestation of people in America being too sensitive and easily offended. The purpose of this paper is not to defend or condone bullying, but to explain how it is often exaggerated, taken out of context, and the result of having a victim mentality in the workplace. You Can Handle the Bully Yourself Bullying can escalate to violence, discrimination, threats, and threatening actions. These things are illegal, and employees are protected by law from these acts in the workplace. This paper is focused on bullying alone and not the escalating actions bullying can lead to. Bullying is harmful, unproductive, and not good for anybody, but it is a part of life that will never go away. Many people in today’s society will experience some form of bullying in the workplace. Not everyone you meet will be nice to you, like you, care about your feelings and self-esteem, or want you to succeed. Harsh, mean words can only affect you if you allow them to do so. Do not allow yourself to be put down by the negative comments of otherShow MoreRelatedEmbracing Diversity Eth/1251596 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Essay Kevin S. McGhee ETH/125 Week Nine Embracing Diversity It is said that by 2050, the population of the United States will increase by 82 % if current trends continue as they are. It is also states that of that increase in the population that 50 million will be immigrants and another 67 million will be of natural immigrants that are now citizens. Jeffrey Passel and D Vera Cohn (2008). With the current bias, and prejudice attitude toward ethnic groups. 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It causes people to have low self esteem, depression, loneliness, suicidal thoughts,making them not want to go to school anymore, anger and hurt, and many more causes.Bullying isn t only hard for the victim it is hard as well for those who are surrounded by the victim.Most teachers and parents who are trying to fix or solve the bullying can t do it in just one step. They have to detect what type of bullying it isRead MoreRacism : Some Call It A Disease1153 Words   |  5 Pagescall it a â€Å"disease†, some consider it a way of life, and others want it to be gone. Racism has been around for centuries as a sensitive controversial topic among Americans. Racism comes from way back when before I was born and it shocks me that it s still a popular subject in this day an age. It has been brought to the countries attention and has gotten better, but hasn’t vanished and still remains. Everyone views racism differently and have different reasons to why racism may be present in theirRead MoreNurse Turnover Rate Among Registered Nurses1332 Words   |  6 Pagesturnover does not have a universal meaning, consequently making it difficult to associate turnover rates in healthcare facilities and geographical areas. In all actuality, â€Å"Nurse turnover is an undesirable trend for healthcare employers. It s expensive, it s disruptive, and it threatens the quality of care and patient safety† (Kovner, Brewer, Fatehi, and Jun (2014). All thro ughout America healthcare organizations demand a steady, extremely trained and completely engaged nursing staff to provideRead MorePersuasive Essay On Anti Bullying1351 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents are victims of bullying each year. Approximately 160,000 teens skip school every day because of bullying. Anti-bullying strategies used by schools are not successful because there always bullying in schools due to one who feel superior, it would give a child unrealistic perception of power and control, and will try to deflect attention from the fact that they are struggling. Anti-bullying strategies used by schools are not successful because there always bullying in schools due to maintainRead MoreBullying Is The Act Of Aggressive And Unwanted Behavior1351 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is bullying? Bullying is the act of aggressive and unwanted behavior that involves intimidating and/or physically harming another person. Among school age children, bullying involves a power imbalance of the stronger attacking the weaker. Children who are victims of bullying often feel alone and powerless to change their situation. When a child is bullied he can feel isolated, and clinical depression and low self-confidence may develop. As a parent, you may not realize that your child is beingRead MoreUnderstanding The Cultural Difference Of Business Communication1444 Words   |  6 Pagesessay, the writer will describe the importance of understanding the cultural difference in business communication. Further, the writer also emphasizes on the three major issues that is comm only forgotten, such as Cross cultural communication issues, workplace etiquette issues, and organizational hierarchy. In addition, the writer then gives an example of the company who fails to understand the cultural difference in an organization or businesses. First of all, cross cultural communication issues areRead MoreJose Resendez. Eng 102.009. 1 May. 2017. Final Essay. The1443 Words   |  6 Pagesmobile devices has played a significant role in the widespread development of social media by facilitating the access to these sites. 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Capitalism in Early America Essay - 1330 Words

Capitalism in Early America Many different people have defined capitalism over the years. It has been defined as a political entity, economic entity and as a social entity. Max Weber and Karl Marx argue different theories concerning the emergence of capitalism. While it is unsure whether the economic system emerged first or the cultural values and ideology that allowed for the formation of capitalism emerged first, one thing is for certain, capitalism is tied to cultural values and ideology. This essay will explore the social changes that capitalism caused in early America by discussing: violence; crowds, mobs, and committees; food riots and price controls; the American Revolution; and the Constitution. . The adverse effect on†¦show more content†¦Other examples of violence fueled by capitalism include the destruction of the home of Mr. Hutchinson in Boston during the Stamp Act Rebellion. Bostonians did not want to pay the stamp tax imposed by British law. The taxes were being used to fund the Engli sh military. Colonists had become engrossed in supporting their own lifestyles in America and did not want to pay for the king’s war. Therefore, anyone who happened to be pro-British, as Hutchinson was, became open to hostilities and attacks. Hutchinson was also a wealthy, powerful government official. This made him a prime target. The coordinated effort of the Stamp Act Rebellion in Boston also marked the formation of a new social entity: crowds and committees. Foner discusses the use of crowds as forms of protest to the condition in which people were living. Such conditions included heavy taxes and poverty. The formations of crowds were a direct results of capitalism. One of the best examples of the impact of crowds is the Hutchinson case. The wealthy men of Boston came together to form a committee called the Sons of Liberty. They were very much against the heavy taxes being levied in the colonies to pay for the king’s war. These men wanted to keep their wealth, not hand it over to the king and his men. To surrender this money meant surrendering power as well, since money had already become the real source of power. These men were well aware of the influences of wealth and power. The Sons of LibertyShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Capitalism And Capitalism1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe Rise of Capitalism as a worldwide phenomenon Capitalism is one of the most commonly practiced economic systems in the world, and thus it is widely considered a global phenomenon. It is based upon the single objective of accumulating more and more wealth. However, capitalism would not be so popular, or even exist, had it not been for several global pressures at that time. 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Hierarchical Analysis of Industries Free Essays

Hierarchical Analysis of Industries Classes, categories, forms, brands Product hierarchy is a term which defines the way a product is relative to other products in the same industry. It guides the path and process a consumer takes to determine the products we choose and we eventually purchase. To start off we look at a basic need that our ultimate choice serves. We will write a custom essay sample on Hierarchical Analysis of Industries or any similar topic only for you Order Now After we identify the need and determine which industry will satisfy it we are faced with decisions. Which class of products in that industry will deliver that type of product? The different classes all serve a need that is relative to each other but may not serve the specific need. This is where we identify which category of product we are looking for. Here we will find products that serve similar functions and may be marketed to the same customer groups. To further narrow down our choices we must then select a product form that may serve a specific function. This is where we find the exact product that fills the ultimate need. Finally we make our end choice by choosing the brand of that product that will purchase. The actual number of levels in the hierarchy depends on how much more detailed or defined the need is. For example if someone wants soap and their only need is to clean something generic, they wouldn’t dig deeper into the types of soap they are looking for rather than looking for a specific type of cleaning agent for granite counter tops for example. To further explain and give examples of how a product falls into a product hierarchy I will look at five different industries. 1. In the first instance the consumer’s end goal is to open a checking account and the basic need is security. Industry Finance| Class| Savings| Diversified Investments| Insurance| Real Estate| Category| Bank/Credit Union and Online or in person| | | | Form| Checking, Savings, CD’s, Credit Cards, Bill Payment| | | | Brand| CHASE| | | | A consumer would first decide which area of the industry they need. The industry is divided into 4 classes: Savings, Diversified Investments, Insurance and Real Estate. Since our need falls under the first class of â€Å"Savings† it is not necessary to break down the other branches of the industry and explain all the choices they have. In order to open a checking account for example they would decide at the class level what type of institution would suit their needs. At the category level there are choices such as, should you use a credit union or a traditional commercial bank. Both serve the same general service but credit unions tend to be smaller and more community or organization oriented. They might be affiliated with a certain geographic area or group of professionals like teachers for example. They are also non-profit financial institutions owned by their members and run by a board of directors which are typically their members. They appear to offer a more personal service which is their point of marketing it. Banks could be as small as community based or as large as national organizations but they are for-profit businesses. The board of directors of a bank is chosen by the stockholders (private investors). Also will you need on-line or in-person services. There are many institutions which advertise to fill the needs of one or the other (or both) of these consumers. For example a business professional that travels often would not have the time to physically stop by a bank branch to take care of their needs. In this case, a full service on-line institution would better serve that customer. The customer who needs to sit down with a customer service representative to assist them in some way would possibly choose a bank branch for in-person service. Once that decision is made a customer would determine which specific form of the product is necessary. In this industry for example, a customer might be looking for service in checking, savings, certificate of deposits, mortgages or bill paying, etc. At this level I believe the company uses marketing strategies to show the benefits of their brand and the attributes of their products which ultimately will help the consumer choose a specific brand or in this case institution such as CHASE BANK for example. 2. The end goal is to purchase running shoes but the basic need we are looking to fill here is to clothe ourselves. Industry Apparel| Class| Men’s wear| Women’s wear | | Children’swear| Category| Clothes/ Shoes/ Accessories| | | Form| Casual/Dress/Athletic| | | Brand| Asics| | | The general industry that running shoes are in is the Apparel industry. The class that this need falls into could be either men’s, women’s or children’s apparel. A similar need can be met in either of these classes but for a different target market. There is no substitutability at this level. In this particular instance it would be a straight forward decision based on the gender of the person who needs the product. At the next level a consumer will have specific categories that their item will fall under. All the items at this level serve a more defined function; in this case they would be to clothe us, but just at the overall level. This is a good example of how an industry hierarchy can have many levels. Within each of the different items that fall in this category there are many choices you may have to get to fulfill the ultimate need before you even pick the specific form of the item. For example, Clothing is one type in this category but within this you may have to decide from outerwear, underwear, pants, skirts, dresses, shirts, etc. Accessories are even broader encompassing everything from hats to belts, scarves, ties, socks and so on. The category level that running shoes fall into is shoes. Once we know exactly what we want we decide on the specifics. This is the product form and where our running shoes fall. If we were looking for casual shoes, dress shoes, sandals or athletic shoes we would make that decision at the form level. You cannot substitute different forms at this level because they would not serve the purpose intended. You could not wear dress shoes to go jogging. Once again the detail of this level is open for discussion because there technically are more options once we select the athletic footwear since running shoes are just one type. There are endless types available based on the activity they are being used for. Finally we may choose a brand such as Asics based on brand awareness. 3. The basic need we are looking to fill here transportation but the end goal is to purchase an automobile. Industry Transportation| Class| Ground-Auto/Rail/Bus| Sea- Ship| | Air- Planes| Category| Cars/trucks/vans or motorcyclesCommuter trains/cargo/ orPassenger bus, charter bus| Cruise ships/ cargo/yachts/sailboats| Private/commercial| Form| 2 door, 4 door, sedan, hybrid, convertible| | | Brand| Honda| | | The transportation industry is broken down into 3 main classes: ground transportation which is auto, rail or bus; sea/ships or air/planes. All choices result in the movement of goods or people but depending on the purpose one might choose one over another. In this instance the end result is to purchase a car so we will just look at ground transportation. The main categories within the auto class are cars, trucks, vans and motorcycles. Since these different forms of transportation are pretty cut and dry we know that vehicle we wish to purchase will be met in the car category. The Form level is where substitutability is introduced. We now have choices of the type of vehicle we wish to purchase such as cars/trucks/vans/SUV/motorcycles, etc. Of course, we can further break down the type cars by 2 door, 4 door, sedan, hatchback, etc. There is great substitutability at this level depending on our need and taste. Finally our ultimate choice is based on brand which has strong customer loyalty in the auto industry. 4. The basic need in the publishing industry is to inform and educate the consumer and our purpose is to purchase a newspaper for example. Industry publishing| Class| Books| Periodicals | | CommercialPrinting services| Category| Literature/manuals/text ooks| Newspapers/magazines| Brochures/flyers/catalogs| Form| paper/digital/internet based| paper/digital/internet based| paper/digital/internet based| Brand| | Newsday| | All the items in the class category of publishing serve a need that is similar to each other which is to inform us but in a very general way. They may not meet our specific need. We have to select the category that our meets our needs. Books are acquired and saved as entertaining or reference items whereas periodicals are used to inform us. The commercial end of publishing usually has a different end user like a manufacturing company or business that is looking to advertise or get knowledge out to the consumer. At the next level the consumer will decide which of these categories best suits their needs. Here the choices involve which mode type of publication would be necessary. Either books/periodicals/brochures, etc. The form which is chosen will differentiate the mode by which we will use the product. There is more product substitutability at this level because consumers may us different mediums of obtaining the same information. For example by paper print/internet/digital and finally the brand choice could be based on the loyalty of a company like a newspaper you always read and purchase. 5. The basic need is for personal care and the specific purpose in this case is to buy shampoo. Industry Personal care| Class| Cosmetics- luxury items| Personal Hygiene- essential items| | | Category| makeup/perfumes/beautification products| skin care/hair care/oral care| | Form| lipstick/body spray/hair removal/| toothbrush/toothpaste/soaps/deodorant/shampoo| | Brand| Revlon| Pantene| | We can differentiate the personal care industry by determining wants (luxury items) and needs (essential items). There is a small margin dividing these classes based on what you perceive as an essential item. In this instance shampoo is considered essential so it falls into the personal hygiene class. The items in the category class all serve a similar function but cover a wide variety of needs. To be more specific, all skin care items may be marketed to the same consumers but they may not serve a specific or desired need. To seek the actual product we are looking for we must determine which form of the product is required. Within the hair care line we can distinguish between moisturizing, body or dandruff shampoos for example. And ultimately we choose the brand based on pricing, product loyalty or other brand choice factors. Before we make a conscious decision to make a purchase, many of our decisions are made for us based on our needs. We decide which class and category of a product we choose to fill our basic need and then differentiate our choices based on what form of the product we eventually purchase. Finally we choose a brand based on how these products are marketed to us. References: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard http://www. citeman. com/1587-product-hierarchy-and-product-line-length. html https://getsatisfaction. com http://www. msci. com/ http://www. wdfi. org/wca/consumer_credit/credit_guides/DifferencesBanksCreditUnionsSavingsInstitut http://www. ions. htm http://www. prospects. ac. uk/industries_publishing_overview. htm How to cite Hierarchical Analysis of Industries, Essay examples

Contemporary Strategy Analysis Text and Cases Process

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Strategy Analysis for Text and Cases Process. Answer: Introduction The report focuses to analyse competitive position of the US airlines industry. US airline industry is facing some challenges in recent times in terms some low profitability, higher fare charged by major airlines, losing investors faith, labour crisis. Domestic demand for the air transport is US is high due to geographical distances between major cities (Cederholm 2014). Air fare in US has increased overtime due to increasing demand from both domestic and international sectors. In order to address issues faced by the US airlines, the report makes a competitive analysis; which includes porters five forces analysis. This analysis includes bargaining power of the consumers, bargaining power of the suppliers, competitive rivalry in the industry, presence of threats of substitutions and threats of new entry in the market. US airlines have large scale of operation in the global airline industry. PESTLE analysis highlights the political, economic, social, environmental and legal impact on the airline industry. US airlines have their internal problems, which are discussed trough SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis highlights internal strength, weakness, opportunity and threats in the market. US economy has undergone terrorist attack, financial crisis, economic recession, and rise in fuel price and demand crisis during twenty first century, which has impacted negatively to the US airlines industry (Koenig and Mayerowitz 2015). This report presents a strategic analysis to increase profitability in the airline industry. An overview of the US airline industry There are more than 100 certified passenger airlines operating in US with more than 11 million flight departures every year. US airlines transport about 2million passengers and 50,000 tons of cargo every day (airlines.org 2016). Political factors Price regulations, business regulations, competition policy of government, political instability due to change in government, affect the operation of airlines (Cederholm, 2014). Trading agreement with different countries affect the profitability of business. Regulations in labour market affect the cost of operation in the airline industry. Economic factors Pattern of consumer spending, demand for air travel from both domestic and international passengers affect the profitability of airline industry. Rising inflation, fluctuation in exchange rate, decreasing consumer spending due to economic recession affect the business of airlines (airlines.org 2016). Rise in fare of each airline depends on the respective demand and capacity of each aircraft. Monetary policy affects the interest rate, which further affects investment in airline operation and infrastructure (Orphanides 2012). Federal open market committee has long term goal such as maximising employment, moderate rate of inflation rate. As inflation has inverse relation with the interest rate. Therefore, rise in inflation reduces inflation rate in US facilitating the investment in airline industry (federalreserve.gov 2016). Lorenzetti (2015) argued that global financial crisis at inflation have resulted into greater economic instability, high inflation and slower growth of economy leading to low profitability in US airlines industry. US airlines contribute significantly to the domestic economy in terms of share in GDP, employment. Technological factors Technological advancement improves airline operation in terms of cost reduction. Advanced air craft engine technology, IT solution, mobile technology has improved US aviation industry significantly (Aguirregabiria and Ho 2012). Technological up gradation enhances the capacity of the aircraft, enhances the comfort of travelling, creates better connectivity and reduces fuel consumption. All these factors positively influence the consumer demand. Legal factors Environmental and work place safety law affects the business operation of airlines. US airlines are regulated industry. US airlines needs to maintain energy security regulations and aviation safety law (airlines.org 2016) Social factors Global recession of 2007-08 and 2013-14 have great impact on US economic. US economy has been slowed down after the global recession. Therefore, consumer spending on travel and tourism has reduced after 2011, which has negative impact on the profitability of US airline industry (Dai, Liu and Serfes 2014). Environmental factors High fuel cost is a reason of low profitability. Use of renewable energy and low fuel consumption are growing issue sin airline industry. The airlines such as Delta, United, American, Southwest, and Jet Blue have been replacing the old aircraft with new fuel efficient ones in order to reduce impact on climate change (Puller and Taylor 2012). A competitive forces analysis of the airline industry Strengths Large number of employees and technological innovation are strength of US aviation industry. Variety of planes gives opportunity to passengers for the choosing aircraft as per their choice. Product differentiation gives competitive advantage to the companies of different companies of US airline (Dai, Liu and Serfes 2014). High domestic demand for the fleet of 330 + mainline jet aircraft and rising demand from international travellers. These factors are contributing factors for rising revenue. Koenig and Mayerowitz (2015) stated that merger of nine large US airlines to four has reduced global competition in the airline industry by raising monopoly power of the US airlines. Weakness Rising labour cost in the US economy is an important concern for the airline industry as it raises cost of operation. Rising labour cost creates pressure on airline service and hence on the profitability of the company (Barla 2013). US airlines have leased some of the planes, for which large amount of money have been spent. Most of the planes have not been utilised properly (Zou et al. 2014). US airlines have been affected by terrorist attacks various times. These incidents have hampered the scale of operation making loss for the airlines. Opportunity Most of the companies of US airlines have good infrastructure and opportunity to increase profits. Merger and acquisition gives US airlines an opportunity to dominate market (afacwa.or 2015). US airlines have opportunity to us point to point flying instead of hub-spoke flight pattern. Profitability in point to point flying is more than the later one (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart 2015). There is immense opportunity to make a partnership with a financially stable company Threats Economic turmoil and political unrest in domestic economy has negative effect on airlines profitability. Entry of new company is always there in the airline industry of UK. Oil price fluctuation has impact on the fuel price and hence on the demand for air transport as there is alternative transportation route for domestic travel (Johnston and Ozment 2013). There is always a possibility of terror attack in future to affect airline business. Five forces of Porter Power of supplier: Supplier in US airline has immense power to bargain over inputs such as fuel, labour and aircraft. Airlines companies are potential buyers of the inputs and there is rising competition in this industry. Competition among buyers gives suppliers sufficient power to bargain over the price of each input (Borenstein and Rose 2014). Fluctuation in oil price in the international market, rise in wage through the bargaining power of labour union, increase in the price of aircraft affects the input cost of the US airlines. Power of buyer: Online ticketing system facilitates the buyers so that they no longer need to depend on the agent and intermediaries. Entry of low cost carriers and price war among the airline companies in provides the scope of bargaining to the consumers (Grant 2016). This is the form of indirect bargaining. A consumer generally fills the ticket for low cost carrier. Hence, it is hard to raise fare above competitive price as the consumer may search for alternatives. Hence, power of buyers is said to be high in this industry. However, Aguirregabiria and Ho (2012) mentioned that recent mergers of large airline companies of US give them a monopoly power to charge a higher fare to the consumers. Entry barrier: Any potential firm can enter into this industry due to presence of positive profits. However, entry is not easy, as a company needs huge start up capital in order to operate and establish business in this industry. The scale of operation in this industry is large. Moreover, knowledge, skill and huge investments are required to run the business (Brueckner, Lee and Singer 2013). Hence, it can be said that entry in airlines in restricted. Threats of substitutes: Close substitute is available for US airlines. Rail, road and waterways are available for transportation within different provinces of US. Waterways are available for international transport. Threats of substitute is high for domestic transport, however, it is low for international travel. Intensity of rivalry: Intensity of rivalry is high in this industry. There are around 100 of passenger airlines in US economy. Therefore, competition in this industry has at high level. Tight regulations, high operating expenses, rapid rate of turnover make the industry more competitive (Ciliberto and Williams 2014). Economic performance analysis Airline industry has significant impact on the US GDP. This industry contributes more than 10 million jobs every year. This industry also contributes 5% of each dollar of GDP of this country. This sector supports other allied sector such as tourism and hotel industry to help the economy to boost. All these factors contribute to economic growth of this economy. US passengers and cargo carriers in the airline industry employ more than 682000 employees worldwide. Along with recruitment opportunity, this industry provides security, handsome payment and benefits to employees. Average wage of the employees of US airline is $67,000 compared to national private sector average $45000 (airlines.org 2016). Therefore, it can be said that the standard of living of the family of airline industry is better compared to other sectors. There are several types of job opportunity and thus numerous skills of employees are required. Hence, this industry encourages government investment in the education se ctor more for human capital formation (Borenstein and Rose 2014). Contribution to local economies Airlines influence other domestic sector through backward and forward linkages. Airlines connect different geopolitical regions easily increasing economic cooperation and trade agreements. This sector facilitates businesses, direct and indirect commerce. Investment in airline infrastructure facilitates cargo transport, which further facilitates export and import in US economy with rest of economies (airlines.org 2016). Growth in export- import contributes in economic growth. Moreover, this sector indirectly acts for growth of the economy by facilitating the tourism sector and hotel industry. Moreover, suppliers of aircraft and aircraft parts are benefitted for the growth of this industry. Demand analysis Demand for airlines comes for business purpose and for tourism. Demand comes from several business sectors, students and families. However, demand for passenger transport is high from the business organisations for international meeting. During 2015-16, revenue of the airlines has decreased. Demand in this industry falls during economic recession as people cut their expenses on travel and tourism. The causes of decreasing revenue in recent times are foreign exchange pressure and lower surcharges in the international market (Lorenzetti 2015). Demand for US airlines is high during boom period, when production of goods and services in domestic economy is sufficient. The excess amounts of products are exported to diversified global market. As US airlines are important medium of cargo transport, demand for important airlines in US are high at economic boom and recovery period. However, decline in oil price has helped the airlines to take cost saving initiatives and reduction in ticket price. Rising incumbent in this industry over the years has created excess capacities in this industry and rising competitiveness. As stated by Schmidt (2015), increase in capacity in the airlines was more than the demand during 2014-15 in US. Strategies for airline profitability Despite huge growth of passenger demand, airlines of US face decreasing revenue in recent days. Increasing labour cost, increasing competition, weak industry profit margin is main cause of decreasing profitability. Major airlines of US have merged with each other during previous decades to raise market power. However, new entry in the market is still creating excess capacity in the industry, which is creating pressure on the existing airlines such as Delta Air Lines, United Continental, American airlines, JetBlue Airways (Aguirregabiria and Ho 2012). One strategy of the airlines to increase profitability may be investment in ancillary services of airlines such as early boarding, Wi-Fi, baggage and premium seating. Cost leadership gives competitive advantage to the airlines. Use of low cost fuel and low cost- technology enabled air carriers can reduce cost of operation. Collaboration with the suppliers and proper negotiation with the labour union can mitigate the problem of increasing input cost. Cost leadership helps to keep price low compared to the competitors. This strategy creates barriers to the entry of new firm in this industry (Puller and Taylor 2012). Split between luxury and economic seating classes give passages opportunity to choose according to their choice and demand. Price discrimination along with product discrimination can be effective strategies. Lease of airlines Many of the US airlines have faced debt burden after their merger with other airlines. American Airlines had $16.8billion of debt after its merger with US Airways. Debt burden has put burden on the profitability of this airline. Debt burden and low profitability are reflected both on the balance sheet and cash flow statement. During that time, the lease value of American Airlines was $8.7 billion. Levine-Weinberg (2016) stated that leasing is equivalent to debt as it requires long term stream of payment. However, Delta Airlines on the other hand chose to use capital spending for reduction of debt burden instead of leasing. The above analysis shows that the cause of low profitability in US airlines is increasing cost, rising pressure of exchange rate, rise in excess capacities and increasing competitiveness. Traditional hub-and spoke airline model is barrier for increasing profit. As there is number of substitutes of airlines in US economy for domestic transport, rise in fare shifts the demand from airlines to other mode of transport (Johnston and Ozment 2013). The hub and spoke airline model is not competitively sustainable as this requires extensive physical infrastructure, complex aircraft fleet, and large number of labour. Point to point flying model is more effective as it provides short trip facilities. US airlines have experienced major loss in revenue several times due to bankruptcy, global recession, and financial crisis. Nine large airlines have been merged up to become four major airlines such as American, United, Delta and South West to increase market share and to reduce cost of operation before 2010. During the same period, airfare has risen more than the inflation rate due to decrease in competitive pressure. The merger has been seemed to be successful that US airlines made $19.7 billion profit. Koenig and Mayerowitz (2015) mentioned that demand has increased despite rise in fare due to investment in capacity enhancement such purchase of new jets and improvement of airport facilities. Moreover, collusion strategy has been taken to increase fare and decrease number of available flights and seats. Another concern in recent times in US airlines is violation of competition rules. Lorenzetti (2015) mentioned that employees of major US airline such as Southwest airlines. Delta is facing problems with upper management in terms of better pay, rejection of labour contract. Decreasing stock price is another major concern for low profitability. As a consequence, the investors are losing faith from airlines and uncertainty in the investment opportunity is increasing in this industry (Grant 2016). Therefore, it is recommended that change in business strategy, cost leadership policy, coloration with strong financial company can be beneficial for the airlines. It can be said from the study that economic condition of US airlines can be said to be cyclical as the fluctuations in profitability move in the line with business fluctuation. Recession, boom period both have their respective effect on the airline industry of US. Conclusion The report has highlighted different aspects of US airline industry such as competitive strategy, economic contribution on local and global economy. The study has found different reasons of fluctuations in revenue and profit in the airline industry. Increasing capacities due to technological improvement has increased demand for airlines. Merger of nine big airlines in US has created monopoly market in US aviation industry. Therefore, airfare has increased in US significantly due to decrease in competitiveness. Moreover, enhancement of capacities, increasing number of jets is contributing factors for rising demand. Increase in demand raises revenues of US airlines. Despite that profitability of the airline industry has fallen due to increasing labour and other operating costs. Cost leadership may be a strategy to overcome the challenges in the US airline industry. References afacwa.or (2015). US airline industry overview June 2015, https://www.afacwa.org/us-airline-industry-overview-june-2015 Aguirregabiria, V. and Ho, C.Y., 2012. A dynamic oligopoly game of the US airline industry: Estimation and policy experiments.Journal of Econometrics,168(1), pp.156-173. airlines.org (2016). Regulatory Barden. Available at: https://airlines.org/policy-priorities-learn-more/#regulatory-burden airlines.org (2016). Is a criticaleconomicengine. Available at: https://airlines.org/industry/#economicAIERVIEW: JUNE 201 Barla, P., 2013. Market share instability in the US airline industry.Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR),15(4), pp.67-80. Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Borenstein, S. and Rose, N.L., 2014. How airline markets work or do they? Regulatory reform in the airline industry. InEconomic Regulation and Its Reform: What Have We Learned?(pp. 63-135). University of Chicago Press. Brueckner, J.K., Lee, D. and Singer, E.S., 2013. Airline competition and domestic US airfares: A comprehensive reappraisal.Economics of Transportation,2(1), pp.1-17. Cederholm. T., 2014. Must-know: External factors that influence the airline industry. Available at: https://marketrealist.com/2014/09/must-know-external-factors-influencing-airline-industry/ Ciliberto, F. and Williams, J.W., 2014. Does multimarket contact facilitate tacit collusion? Inference on conduct parameters in the airline industry.The RAND Journal of Economics,45(4), pp.764-791. Dai, M., Liu, Q. and Serfes, K., 2014. Is the effect of competition on price dispersion nonmonotonic? evidence from the us airline industry.Review of Economics and Statistics,96(1), pp.161-170. federalreserve.gov. (2016). Statement on Longer-Run Goals and Monetary Policy Strategy. Available at: https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/FOMC_LongerRunGoals_20160126.pdf [Accessed 18 Dec. 2016]. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Johnston, A. and Ozment, J., 2013. Economies of scale in the US airline industry.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,51, pp.95-108. Koenig, D., and Mayerowitz, S., 2015 Analysis: Consolidation of U.S. Airline Industry Radically Reducing Competition. Available at: https://skift.com/2015/07/14/analysis-consolidation-of-u-s-airline-industry-radically-reducing-competition/ Levine-Weinberg, A., 2016 Does American Airlines Have Too Much Debt? Available at : https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2016/05/16/does-american-airlines-have-too-much-debt.aspx Lorenzetti, L. 2015. Here's Why The Airline Industry Is In For A Rough Ride. Fortune.com. Available at: https://fortune.com/2015/08/19/airline-industry-challenges-ahead/ [Accessed 18 Dec. 2016]. Orphanides, A., 2012. Whats wrong with current US monetary policy? Available at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/11/whats-wrong-with-current-us-monetary-policy/ Puller, S.L. and Taylor, L.M., 2012. Price discrimination by day-of-week of purchase: Evidence from the US airline industry.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,84(3), pp.801-812. Zou, B., Elke, M., Hansen, M. and Kafle, N., 2014. Evaluating air carrier fuel efficiency in the US airline industry.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,59, pp.306-330.

Tragedy Is Healthy Essay Example For Students

Tragedy Is Healthy Essay Tragedy is one of many very popular types of literature for many years. There were numerous discussions, about whether tragedy is good or bad. Philosophers feel that using the emotional instead of intellect approach is bad. The popular culture also has negative feelings toward tragedy, because optimistic thoughts are more acceptable. However, tragedy may also be healthy. Emotions are natural for every human being; in some situations emotions can help enable the individual to perceive things in another way. For example, using one’s intellect at a funeral type of environment is not suitable, however being emotional and showing sympathy is needed. Another example would be for business people, although intellect is very important toward their decision-making many business people admit that a number of their decisions are from their instincts, hunches, and feelings. Therefore, even in situations where intellect is called for, emotions are never absolutely pushed aside. We will write a custom essay on Tragedy Is Healthy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For the popular culture, most stories are made with a happy ending and the only time death occurs would be when a villain is killed. However, when all the stories are made with perfect happy endings they become fairy tales and fantasies. Unless it is stated as a fiction, some tragedy should occur. For example, even though Romeo and Juliet had a very sad ending, it has been one of the most popular love stories from generation to generation. The tragedy is what touches the viewers’ heart, helping them to bring out a rather sensitive side of them. Majority of the movies in popular culture has a similar plot. The good characters will live happily ever after, the prettiest girl is always with the most handsome man, and all villains have bad endings. These stories are good for entertainment and relaxations; however, tragedy may help some people to cherish what they have a little more. For example, when a story such as Romeo and Juliet show that lovers may not always be together regardless of how strong their love is, it may make couples treasure each other more than they already do, because no one knows what type of mishap can occur in the next minute. Although the popular culture prefers to have stories with less tragedy, the viewers’ continue to watch these movies. A rather fmous one would be â€Å"Titanic†, the lover’s are separated by death. If happiness is preferred, then why do these type of movies attract so many viewers? Beside the fact that a certain actor or actress is starring in it, psychologically sad movies are the best movies to watch with another person. An article that asked the public how they relieve their fustration, listed that 74% of the poll chose to cry, and 69% of them chose to watch a sad movie. Therefore, showing one reason why these tragedies are so popular. Most of the tragedy movies are about a couple that can give up anything to be with the person he or she loves, even his or her life. These type of movies, although very depressing, is at the same time very romantic. In the present society, most females will choose to watch these tragedy/love stories because it is about love. In conclusion, using the mind is important for business, education, and many other situations, however, being emotional is healthy for the heart and mind as well. If there is no lost, there will be no hope in further achievements. English Essays

Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia †Humanities Essay

Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia – Humanities Essay Free Online Research Papers Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia Humanities Essay Burning Man is an event that takes place annually on the Nevada desert floor. What began as a modern version of a summer solstice ritual has morphed into a full-blown artistic counter-culture phenomenon. Burning Man is a postmodern remix. It samples concepts and ideas and combines elements that are evocative of ancient cultural and religious ritual with modern ideals of a utopian society. Burning Man is politically and artistically situated as a remix of the ancient idea of Utopia. Can this postmodern artistic idea continue to thrive or has this experiment fallen victim due to intense commercial pressures? BURNING MAN As Ulf Poschardt says in his 1998 book DJ Culture, â€Å"Postmodernism is generally seen as the sphere of unlimited possibilities. Anti-dogmatic, free, liberal, hoping for every narrative fragment after the end of the great narratives and prepared to accept everything† (Poschardt, 393). Burning Man started as an event in such a sphere of open ended possibilities according to founder Larry Harvey in his lecture LA VIE BOHÉME A History of Burning Man. The event was conceived from the notion that bohemians †have a kind of erotic sense of property. They share with one another. They cooperate with one another. They collaborate with one another. What Bohemia’s reflect is the natural life of artists, how they behave in their authentic environment. And these were the principles we followed† (Harvey, lecture). This reflects Poschardt’s postmodernist concepts. The idea that anything goes and that there is no absolute truth lies at the bottom of both th e postmodern and the bohemian ideals that Harvey speaks to. He went on to state, We have become a nation of posers. Its not a life thats lived or shared, but an imitation of life, a kind of commercial for self. We need some deep and drastic therapy to break this spell. We need to reestablish contact with our inner selves. We need to reinvent a public world†¦this is where my work and the experiment called Burning Man comes in. (Harvey). Harvey’s deconstruction and proposal for a new state of living reflects the ideals of utopian states. This is a powerful postmodern strategy, upending familiar tropes of western society. Burning Man enacts a magical ritualistic effigy burning as opposed to the political effigy burnings of despised leader (e.g., George Bush in Iraq). Burning Man samples from a long line of effigy burning rituals. Doan Ngu, is celebrated on the summer solstice in Vietnam where offerings are made to spirits and ghosts and to â€Å"the god of death† to stave off epidemic. Offerings of human effigies made of grasses are burned, providing souls to staff the army of the God of Death. Carnival Aruba, in Martinique and Guadalupe is a 3-day festival that ends on Ash Wednesday with the burning of an effigy of the King. The King’s effigy is paraded through the streets for all to see, and then set alight in the main plaza of the city or town. In Venezuela there is the Burning of Judas, an effigy dressed as a known public figure in the community, This Judas effigy is also paraded through the town before being burned. The participants slap, punch and kick the effigy before lighting it on fire. In Hinduism there is the burning of the effigy of Ravanna marks the tenth day of the celebration of Divali. The statue of the 10 headed demon Ravanna is made of wood and hay with fireworks inside. The celebrations begin around sunset, families and friends gather, and the statue is set on fire. People shoot arrows into the effigy; it burns along with a huge display of fireworks. These rituals, and many more, are all rituals that bring the community together (Henderson, Thompson, 118-156-189). Burning Man takes place during the seven days before Labour Day weekend in Black Rock City, Nevada. Burning Man started in San Francisco in 1986 as a summer solstice ritual. In 1986 Jerry James, a builder, and Larry Harvey, a landscaper, decided to construct a life-size human effigy made largely of junk wood. They took it to Baker Beach, a mile long stretch of sand just west of the Golden Gate Bridge, with a handful of friends and set it on fire. They burned along with it tokens and mementoes of things they wanted to rid themselves of. It was an act of cleansing for a handful of people. They were so moved by the experience they decided to make it an annual ritual (Doherty). Aided by the San Francisco Cacophony Society, word spread and by 1990 the crowd had increased to 800 and the man had morphed into a 40 foot structure. At this point the San Francisco police stepped in, stopping the ceremonies on the grounds that it was unsafe to torch such a large object on a public beach. One of the Cacophonists, John Law had the idea of moving the ritual to Black Rock desert, an evocative, barren lakebed which dries up for a few months of each year. This was a place where they would not have a problem burning a large structure. A few weeks later, on Labour Day weekend, a group of 100 made the long trek out to the Nevada Desert. Burning Man had found its home (Doherty). Burning Man has grown significantly. It is estimated to be doubling in size every year. Last year there were over 30,000 participants. Although Burning Man has grown beyond anyone’s wildest estimate, it remains true to its core idea: everyone who is there is invited to partake in the ritual of putting items inside the man before the burning. Not surprisingly these items vary as much as the people themselves. Although Burning Man is a temporary community, it is a strong community that ties people together. Larry Harvey described his vision in his LA VIE BOHÉME lecture: Imagine you are put upon a desert plain, a space that is so vast and blank that only your initiative can make of it a place. Imagine it is swept by fearsome winds and scorching temperatures, and only by your effort can you make of it a home. Imagine youre surrounded by thousands of other people, that together you form a city, and that within this teeming city there is nothing thats for sale†¦This novel use of nothingness elicits a superabundant production of spectacle. But it is spectacle with a difference. We have, in fact, reversed the process of spectation by inviting every citizen to create a vision and contribute it to a public environment. We call this process radical self-expression. What makes this self-expression truly radical is its reintegration of the private and personal back into a shared public domain. Burning Man has evolved into an event for artists from all over the world to meet, create and ultimately burn their work. This iconoclastic practice indexes the early conceptual art movement, for example Allan Kaprow, Jim Dine, and even Ana Mendieta’s ‘burning women’. Conceptual art came to fruition in the mid Twentieth Century bohemian subcultures and avant-garde modernist movements. Previously modernism evolved as a resistance against the disenfranchising forces of early technology and industrialization. Those involved in this lineage of this new perspective of the world, were looking to transform culture and creative self realization in art Burning Man is a â€Å"happening† where spectacle and ritual meet on the desert floor, and where the role of participant and spectator blurs. Burning Man is a massive show of art that is not for sale much of the art created is burned throughout the event. These events at Burning Man demonstrate that the contrast can lessen between the individual and communal in our postmodern world. Burning Man represents a collective desire to participate in long lost communal rituals. Many have a desire for collective input; even in our postmodern times there is a need for a sense of community. This is fulfilled, albeit briefly, by Burning Man. UTOPIA Utopia refers to the ancient longing for a place of happiness and freedom, a paradise on earth. Utopia is defined as an â€Å"imagined perfect state or place of things†(Oxford). The word Utopia coined by Thomas Moore in the Sixteenth Century passed through the English language and has been appropriated by most of the world’s languages. California of course, has a rich history of Utopian societies. In his book California’s Utopian Colonies Robert V. Hine states, â€Å"A utopian colony, thus, consists of a group of people who are attempting to establish a new social pattern based upon a vision of the ideal society†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Hine, 5). Larry Harvey has tried to create just this, a new social pattern based upon his vision of the ideal society, a place where nothing is for sale and where everyone is at the same time audience and participant. Larry Harvey has sampled from the old ideals to bring us a new utopian vision for our time, a place where all people are eq ual and everything is exchanged through barter. Martin Buber’s reference to Israeli Kibbutz in his book Paths in Utopia could be referring to Burning Man: â€Å"Nowhere else in the history of communal settlements is there this tireless groping for the form of community-life best suited to this particular human group, nowhere else this continual trying and trying again, this going to it and getting down to it, this critical awareness, this sprouting of new branches from the same stem and out of the same formative impulse†(Buber. 141-142). BURNING BURNING MAN Harvey’s intention to alter the form of spectacle was admirable. At the beginning he wanted all the participants to be spectators and vise versa. All contributing to the artistic nature of the event But Burning Man’s popularity has proven to be its undoing. In 1994, the year Harvey started a website, the media discovered the event, encouraging people to flock to Burning Man in greater numbers every year. By 1997 media at the event included CNN, ABC, NBC, ZDF (Germany) as well as Time, The Washington Post and publications from Brazil England, France, and Japan. The media has enabled millions to simulate participation virtually, but in reality they remain only spectators. In this Mephistophelean bargain the media has brought with it the commercialization of Burning Man. Harvey’s chief ideal has always been â€Å"nothing is for sale†. This refrain is no longer valid. Along the way Burning Man started charging admission to attend. To take part in Burning Man it now costs from $165.00 to $250.00 for advance tickets. It seems that the refrain should be almost nothing is for sale. In addition to the admission there is now a Burning Man Cafà ©, which sells (not barters or trades) its beverages. Yes things change. Burning Man is no exception to this rule. As Fredric Jameson, a postmodern Marxist theorist says (quoted by Posehardt in his book DJ Culture), â€Å"In Postmodern culture, ‘culture’ has become a product in it’s own right; the market has become a substitute for itself and fully as much a commodity as any of its items it includes within itself: modernism was still minimally and tendentially the critique of the commodity and the effort to make it transcendent itself. Postmodernism is the consumption of sheer commodification as a process† (Poschardt, 393). The history of Burning Man exemplifies the commodification aspects of postmodernism. One can almost expect to see Burning Man franchises ‘coming soon to a dry lakebed near you’. Harvey’s second most important ideal was that there are â€Å"only ten official rules. That was enough for Moses, and thats enough for us†(Harvey). These original rules have expanded into an 11-page document. For instance, a â€Å"no dogs allowed† rule was added in 2003. Arguably Burning Man has had to add rules and guidelines because it has expanded beyond its original scale. Ironically Burning Man’s utopian quality has diminished in the postmodern commodification possess. Anti-consumerism lies at the heart of Harvey’s ideals, but is this practical in our capitalist world? Alicia Ludena states In Search of the Postmodern, â€Å"Postmodern theorists, however, claim that in the contemporary high tech media society, emergent processes of change and transformation are producing a new postmodern society†(Ludena). Larry Harvey’s Burning Man sprung out of his desire to create a new postmodern ritual. It was a postmodern idea that took the old construct of burning an effigy and transformed it into a contemporary art event. It altered even more when it became a commercial event. Burning Man as a Utopia was fundamentally flawed, because it was essentially atavistic. Burning Man stepped over the line and became just another commodity, perfectly postmodern but hardly utopian. Buber, Martin. Paths in Utopia. First Syracuse University Press Edition, 1996. 9-141-142 Doherty, Brian. â€Å"Burning Man Grows Up†http://reason.com/0002/fe.bd.burning.shtml Harvey, Larry, LA VIE BOHÉME - A History of Burning Man February 24, 2000. burningman.com/whatisburningman/lectures/la_vie.html Henderson, Helene, Thompson, Sue Ellen.Holidays, Festivals and Celebrations of the World Dictionary. 2nd Ed, Omnigraphics, Inc. Penobscot Building, Detroit, Mi 48226.1996. 118-156-189 Hine, Robert V, California’s Utopian Colonies. Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, SanMarino, California. 1953. 5 Ludena, Alicia In Search of the Postmodern http://mural.uv.es/alulla/charact.html Oxford Dictionary of Current English.Oxford University Press. Great Claredon Street. Oxford OX2 6DP , revised edition 1998 Poschardt, Ulf. DJ Culture. Trans. Shaun Whiteside. London: Quartet Books Ltd. 1998. 393 Research Papers on Burning Man as a Postmodern Utopia - Humanities EssayCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeMind TravelWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and CanadaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Dentist Application Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dentist Application - Personal Statement Example In today's world, the field of Medicine is of immense importance to individuals and countries, alike. In this whole process, dentistry in an inevitable part, since apart from medication, the right guidance from professionals in terms of improvement of natural features, is very important to help patients overcome their fear for and grief towards the acceptance of diseased conditions. It also realises that the aesthetic needs of today's world. The main reason behind applying to the University, is because of the fact that I want to learn more and obtain more knowledge about the subject. I possess a thirst for knowledge regarding this subject, and would like to quench it by taking up this course, as per my passion. Firstly, talking about my professional strengths, I am a person who seeks to make the most out of every opportunity that comes my way, as I strongly believe that Opportunity knocks the door only once! I also keep myself up-to-date with the current happenings and researches, br eak-through and inventions in the field of Pharmacy and Healthcare, to make way for improvised quality of output to patients, from my end. Secondly, coming to my personal strengths; very evidentl... Therefore, being a team-worker and working in cooperation is extremely vital.I seek to expand my knowledge base on every possible occasion and am good at crisis management. I am capable of handling complex situations, without becoming panicky and by maintaining my calm and composure, which is a pre-requisite for every professional in the field of Pharmacy. Apart from my humanistic perspective, I do have certain personal reasons for taking up pharmacy in particular. For instance, I was intrigued by human psychology and its acceptance of trying circumstances. I am a compassionate person and enjoy extending a helping hand to those in need. In order to further my goal, I have volunteered at various health camps, which encouraged me to pursue my Dentistry with your esteemed institution. Every field works on a principle of core values. I feel that equality, human dignity and justice are of utmost importance to me. Service to the utmost honesty of one's conscience is what is important, to a doctor or a paramedic. Secondly, attaching the respect and dignity deserved by every human to the patient, is equally necessary. For this, empathy and comprehending the fact that every human is God's creation, is a must. Thirdly, providing justice to every patient is important for me, because I aspire to devote myself to service of humanity, as a tool to give back what I can to the society. Thus, these are my goals and aspirations, which I aspire to achieve by making the most of my strengths and minimising my weaknesses. 3) How

Economic Considerations Should be the Basis of Tort Law Essay

Economic Considerations Should be the Basis of Tort Law - Essay Example Intentional torts on the other hand refer to harm or injury caused to a person or persons by the intentional misconduct of another or others. Theft, assault, arson and fraud are good examples of causes of intentional torts. Liability torts tend to focus on the damages resulting from a person's act rather than the intention. This means that if an action causes harm, the performer of the same is liable regardless of whether they exercised the expected degree of care or not or whether the action was maliciously done or was a result of an accident. The economic framework states that each society has laws, institutions, policies which lead to inequitable distributions of economic resources and burdens among members of any given society. These economic frameworks because human political processes which eventually lead to change, both across and within societies with time. Structurally these frameworks are beneficial as the economic distributions arising from them usually affect human live. The tort law has over time evolved in many jurisdictions to consider the legal and economical implications since these are the two most important aspects of the tort laws.One theory that has developed is the deterrence theory. This theory is most applicable in accident prevention. Essential the theory aims at reducing the occurrence of accidents by making those responsible for the accident bear heavy financial cost for their unsafe conduct. General and specific deterrence are handled quite differently in tort law. The tort law admonitory effect largely dictates on how specific deterrence goes. Insurance services, however, cushion the defendant from feeling the adverse effects of this approach to tort law. In traffic accidents for instance, the motorist who causes the accident hardly feels a pinch from the monetary damages they are required to pay as the same is catered for by insurance services. The deterrence is completely lost. Deterrence theory has been said to change the primar y focus of the tort law. The crafter of the tort law intended to reduce injury through deterring behavior likely to cause harm. a careful and critical analysis of the tort law however proves that the approach of deterring through burdening those who cause harm financially may not have the desired effect due to several factors. The approach assumes that in the normal conditions, people tend hold maximization of wealth as their primary goal. This may not be strictly true in all societies. The theory further makes the assumption that there exists a large psychological relationship between safer conduct and tort law as people will tend to behave more safely to avoid being subjected to tort fines. This assumption tends to suggest that people behave rationally and are guided by projected consequences of their actions. This is not the case on the ground. Studies have shown that a driver is more likely to commit an accident if they have been fined for an earlier accident. Human nature has b een described by many classical philosophers as being rebellious. Once a driver has caused an accident and has gotten away with just a fine, they do not improve their driving since their minds are unconsciously programmed that all they will have to do is to pay a fine if they cause an accident.2 The most fundamental question that ought to be asked when analyzing the deterrence theory is: Does tort law really deter? Economic analysis largely dominates legal discussion on tort law. This is in order because the economic aspect of the same cannot be

Environment, Resources, and Competition Report Essay - 1

Environment, Resources, and Competition Report - Essay Example The evolution of species, for instance of Golden Lion Tamarin, has been in such a way that their tails grow up to a certain length that gives them balance while moving through rainforest canopy (Hammond, 2010). Rain forests hold so much importance for life on earth that they are simply indispensable; they contribute almost 28% of the earth’s oxygen (Nishu, n.d.). They are warm and wet, and the majority of them are direct ‘beneficiaries’ of monsoon trough. They are spread across the tropic line, so a huge portion is in Africa and South America while the rest is in Asia. Some rainforests are called temperate forests, which are very few in comparison with the usual rainforests. Some examples of these forests are in North America, Ireland and Scotland. Of all biotic species, 40%-75% are indigenous to rainforests. Mammals, reptiles, birds and invertebrates are huge in their variations and almost innumerable in quantity (taking into account the insects). Chameleon, turt le and snakes are found in great numbers here because of the natural habitat that these forests provide. Rapid bacterial decay thwarts the buildup of humus. Due to the thickness of forests every tree that grows needs to growth taller and thicker than the others to reach the precious sunlight. Animals depend on the environment that rainforests provide. Birds and monkeys in particular that live on tall trees and provide useful nutrition and then the predators come to feed off other species, birds of prey would come to feed on other birds and rodents, while the muddy waters are heaven for reptiles like frogs, snakes, lizards and insects. What is really amazing is that high temperature (within limit and context) doesn’t necessarily mean absence of vegetation. For instance the deserts reach a maximum of 40 degree Celsius which is barren land, almost no vegetation while tropical rainforests are full of lush green leaves, however they too reach a temperature of above 30 degree Celsi us. What I think the reason is that there is a huge temperature difference between its maximum and minimum average temperatures while tropical rainforests don’t have that chasm in temperature difference. Deserts like Savanna and extreme cold climates such as of Tundra, both have very little or no precipitation, and that shows in their vegetation. Temperate grasslands get an average precipitation of 25-75 cm and the vegetation there is quite normal for human survival. Tropical rainforests get the most amount of precipitation 200-400 cm, couple this with the small temperature chasm and there is a huge land mass on earth that gives life to earth, provides oxygen, vegetation, animals, herbs/medicine and provides strongholds of land masses that don’t simply wash away into rivers because the roots of trees holds together the land. From the data, it is obvious that the prey is independent and the predators depend on them. As the prey’s number rises, so does the predato rs’. In fact the line graph of the predators looks like shadowing the prey’s. High numbers of predators invites them to a feeding frenzy and that reduces the number of prey. When there isn’t much food available for the predators, they start to decrease in number too. There is a gradual delay in response of the predator’s to the increase or decrease of the prey’s; there is a consistent buildup of prey and then it shoots up as there aren’

Mcdonalds Competition Against Burger King

Mcdonalds Competition Against Burger King McDonalds is one of the best global foodservice retailer which has more than 32,000 local restaurants serving more than 60 million people in 117 countries each day. More than 75% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local public. The Company serves the world some of its favourite foods World Famous Fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, Chicken McNuggets and Egg McMuffin. The history began with our founder, Ray Kroc. The strong foundation that he established continues today with McDonalds vision and the commitment of our talented executives to keep the shine on McDonalds Arches for years to come. . Its head office is located in Oak Brook United States. McDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest chain of fast food restaurants, working worldwide in 117 countries with 400000 workers. It has 60 Million customers with 32000 restaurants worldwide. A franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself operates every McDonalds restaurant. The corporations reve nues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. Its net operating income for the year ended 2010 is $7.673 Billion. The type of the company is public. Time Line: 1940: Dick and Mac McDonalds open MacDonalds Bar-B-Que restaurant on Fourteenth and E streets in San Bernardino, California 1948: Dick and Mac McDonalds opened the 1st drive thru restaurant in San Bernardino, California. 1949: French Fries replace potato chips on MacDonalds menu 1954: Ray Kroc becomes the first agent of franchise for the McDonalds brothers. 1955: Ray Kroc opens 1st McDonalds in Illinois. 1957: McDonalds started knowing for the motto QSC. 1959: McDonalds started billboard advertising. 1961: Ray Kroc acquires McDonald brothers for $2.7Million. 1963: Ronald McDonald made his debut in a way to attract more children and families. 1965: Television network advertising begins. 1969: The new design for the restaurants roof introduced to replace the red and white design. 1984: Training started providing for every level of McDonalds management worldwide for quality assurance. 1995: The new advertising theme have you had your break today? debuts. 2004: ISO 14000. 2005: 50th Anniversary. 2008: introduces the most broad global packaging design in the brands industry Burger King: Burger King is the 2nd largest fast-food chain, behind only McDonalds. The company franchises more than 10,400 restaurants and owns about 1,000 for a chain wide total exceeding 11,455, with locations in all 50 states and 56 countries. The company serves 15.7 million customers each day and over 2.4 billion Burger King hamburgers are sold each year across the world. In the late 1990s and into the new millennium, Burger King was plagued by falling sales and deteriorating franchisee relationships. Burger Kings parent, Diageo Plc, sold the company to a group of investors led by Texas Pacific Group in 2002. Miami entrepreneurs James McLamore and David Edgerton founded Burger King Corporation in 1954. Five years later, they were ready to get bigger their five Florida Burger Kings into a all over the country chain. By the time they sold their company to Pillsbury in 1967, Burger King had become the third largest fast-food chain in the country and was on its way to second place, after industry leader McDonalds. Time Line: 1954: James McLamore and David Edgerton establish Burger King Corporation. 1957: The Whopper is launched. 1959: The company begins to expand through franchising. 1963: First Burger King outside the U.S. in Puerto Rico 1967: Burger King is sold to Pillsbury. 1975: Burger King introduces the drive-through window 1977: Donald Smith is hired to restructure the firms franchise system. 1978: BKC introduces new line-up of sandwiches (fish, steak, chicken and ham) 1979: BKC introduce breakfast menu 1982: Burger King claims its grilled burgers are better than competitors McDonalds and Wendys fried burgers. 1983: BKC introduce The CroissanWich 1988: BKC launches We do it like youd do it add campaign 1989: Grand Metropolitan plc acquires Pillsbury. 1997: The firm launches a $70 million French fry advertising campaign; Grand Metropolitan merges with Guinness to form Diageo plc. 2002: A group of investors led by Texas Pacific Group acquire Burger King 2004:Subservient Chicken is launched 2005: BK Chicken Fries are introduced 2006: BK goes public limited company 2007: 50th anniversary of the WHOPPER SANDWICH Main Topic This report consists of different operations, research development of products, innovation, changes, and competitiveness of McDonalds and Burger King according to the requirement of this course work. How they do research and developing new products, how they manage their product and service quality, how they taking competitive priority on each others, and which systems and approaches they following to make their businesses successful in this competitive environment and satisfy their customers where expectations of the customers are very high and changing their needs rapidly. Compare and Contrast of Operations How They Cook The main difference can be seen in the kitchen of these two restaurants. How they prepare their burgers for customer like McDonalds cooks their burger by a batch process where as Burger king make their burger by a machine paced assembly process. McDonalds Batch Process McDonalds fries their burgers on a big platen in batches of up to twelve. Two ore more than two batches can be on platen at same time in different stages of cooking. When a worker in the back says Quarter Pounders Up a complete batch is ready at the same time Burger King Broiler Process Burger king cook their burger on continuous chain broiler. Semi prepared burgers are put on one end 80 second later they bring out the other end its cooked. This sort of machine paced assembly process is very common in industrial manufacturing processes. Teamwork VS Assembly Line As both of these companies following two different strategies of operations like Mcdonalds batch process and King Burger assembly line. As in McDonald 12 hamburger are prepared in same time. They are hand seared after 20 seconds on the grill, turned at sixty seconds and pulled at hundred seconds. When they come off workers over there must fastly add condiments wrap and shelve them. If there are two batches going there in different stages of cooking then its mean that speed is more essential part to keep production on going. So its mean the staff must be motivated or the process gums up. Staff must be cooperative and willing to help in another area in case of help required. Burger King Here in Burger King there is no matter at what speed burger are prepared once they are cooked the rate limiting step is the cooking itself. One burger in a time comes off the chain broiler at the rate of 8 per minute, maximum. The machine makes the process fast. As long as you can do your job of assembly process in seven and half seconds per burger that all which is required. Fast and Quick Service(Just In Time) How McDonald can stay on top? The answer id that when it is running good, the batch process allows for much greater throughput and faster speed of services. Speed plays an important role in the popularity of food store. The batch process of McDonald can prepared 300 burger in one hour where as 200 for the continuous chain broiler of Burger king. There are standard given by each restaurant for speed like McDonalds is faster than Burger king because prepared burger for 3 minutes where as McDonalds delivered only in 90 seconds. Capacity Planning McDonald McDonalds has a very strict standard for food preparation and its their goal to facilitate their customer as fast as they can. To meet this goal they set a plan of inventory of food production to meet surges in demand. There are strict limits how long the food can remain in inventory limits the amount of inventory can be made this food limit allow to McDonald create a level between its production and the workforce required. This sort of strategy is called level production. Burger King Burger king is using another sort of strategy. They once promoted their burger using a have it your way philosophy because Burger assemble burger when they receive an order, because product is made when the demand appears. So Burger King has variation in labour need and this is the reason for customer to have wait. They nevertheless provide a product geared according to the requirement of customer. This sort of strategy is known as chase demand. Quality Control Burger King: uses the customer and market oriented surveys to manage the quality of service on regular basis. HSSP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) program is the execution of strict operation and sanitation procedures. Our food safety program employs a broiler design and meat cooking procedures that fully cook products, killing any potentially harmful bacteria. McDonalds: Q.S.C. V. Provide good quality, services to customer. Uses a cleanliness environment when customer enjoys their meal. The value of food product makes every customer is smiling. Price: Burger King uses affordable prices for quality food strategy so that its prices are less than its competitors. McDonalds came up with very high prices. The Company has certain value pricing and bundling strategies such as happy meal, combo meal family meal etc to increase overall sales volumes. Product: McDonalds doesnt offer just burgers their well-diversified menu is also one of the key success factors. Burger King: Burger King is offered flame-grilled burgers and offering a variety of food and other products those fulfilling the demands of all segments of society. Layout of Restaurants: McDonalds: Restaurants have included a playground for children and advertising geared toward children. The new strategy of re-designing of layout of the braches create natural style with a particular emphasis on comfort introducing lounge areas and fireplaces and eliminating hard plastic chairs and tables. These facilities give comfort to customers and create satisfaction. Burger King: The lay out of the restaurants are very wide and people could comfortably spend time with their food. Branding: McDonalds: Has partnership globally with Coca Cola to sell their drink with their menu Burger King: Has also co branding contracts with Coca Cola worldwide. Innovation: Innovation is the lifeblood of any successful business. In modern times, demand and expectations of customers are high and looking for change. The companies have to act accordingly to beat the competition and their survival. McDonalds has continuously introduced new products. The introduction is time such that the new product does not cannibalize the product already in the maturity or growth stage. A perfect example of renewing a product in decline phase French Fries have been an important part of the McDonalds menu worldwide. In an attempt to revive the Fries, Macdonalds amend and re-launch it with new name and style Shake Fries. This is being served with spicy spice mix, which has resulted in increase in the sales of French Fries and has elevated it from to the decline stage. The company is also focusing on nutrition and healthy food options for their customers. Burger King innovations in nutrition, quality, value and taste are all important attributes that can help our guests and their children make choices that promote healthy living. In July 2007, BKC identified two cooking oils with zero trans-fat that passed our rigorous operational, supply and consumer criteria; allowing us to start providing all of our restaurants in the U.S. and Canada with zero trans-fat oils. In 2008, we initiated a limit of 600 milligrams or less of sodium in all of our Kids Meals advertised to children under 12 years old. In May 2009, we introduced lower sodium CHICKEN TENDERSÂ ®, reducing sodium by 36 percent. BKC has joined the American Heart Associations (AHA) Industry Nutrition Advisory Panel (INAP), a partnership between the AHA Nutrition Committee and food industry leaders. INAP brings together representatives from the food industry and science to share information and plan cooperative programs in the areas of diet and nutrition and cardiovascular disease. Maintain Quality, Value and Taste: Nutritionally balanced products should still taste good. If our foods are nutritious and taste great, parents will order, it and kids will eat it. The Burger King always searching new ways to develop new product not only for variety in term of quality of food and nutrition for health of their customers. The are some latest innovations from Burger King BK BURGER SHOTSÂ ®, with BKTM Fresh Apple Fries, MINUTE MAIDÂ ® apple juice, CHICKEN TENDERSÂ ® with BKTM Fresh Apple Fries, Hamburger with BKTM Fresh Apple Fries, Philosophy of McDonalds: McDonalds consider People its philosophy. They provide the best employment experience for our employees to achieve their goals of providing our valued customers with the worlds best quick-service restaurant experience. They strive to recruit the best, hire the best, and provide the best place to work. People: The Company is the well aware of value of both its employees and customers. It knows the reality that a happy employee can work well with conclude as a happy customer. Human resources continuously working on finding new ways to motivate their customers (employees). The company focuses on critical hiring, best training and motivating employees through best pay structure and benefits. Philosophy of Burger King: Philosophy of Burger King to give option to customer to choose the food and we innovate. Burger Kings goals seemed quite clear. They want to individualize each customers order and provide the fastest service possible. Burger King gives the customer many choices and to accurately and quickly provide whatever the customer chooses. This policy is reflected in their slogan, your way, right away. Operating under this policy makes it very easy to achieve their goals. To facilitate fast service Burger King takes customer orders on a continual basis. One employee takes the customers order, the customer then moves down the line where another employee is preparing the order. Customers also get their own drinks while they are waiting for their meal. Burger King providing the innovative and healthy food options to their customers. Problems: Burger King Corporation is the second largest fast food restaurant chain in the world and growing their franchise network through globally. The company needs to do a lot to sustain the performance in this competitive environment. Burger King has good operational systems designed to provide customers with efficient and responsive services. The success of the operational system of Burger King is directly related to the degree of co-operation and co-ordination among these three subsystems. Any attempt to improve the efficiency, quality and responsiveness of the operational system must focus on these subsystems and their interactions. On the other hand increasing customers demand and expectations are challenges. Burger King is facing the following some problems in operations which affecting the quality services as compare with competitors: Staff motivation Inventory systems Equipment upgrade Customer accessibility Recommendations: Based on the analysis we can conclude that The Company should start by solving their internal issues so that they could perform batter and could achieve their objectives: Staff Motivation: The turnover rate is high employee are not staying long due to lack of motivation. The company should focus on retaining their staff. The company should plan an internal marketing so that they could address these issues. For this the company should give their employees tailored made training to serve the customers and coordination between them. The structure of the pay should be revised as per market based and give them incentives and benefits on their best performance. They should organize the team building activities to create team bonding within the teams. Inventory Management Systems: The company is using inventory and supply chain systems those are not latest and affecting the efficiency of the company, due to this company is facing the inventory wastage and storage expenses. If the company do focus on improving, inventory systems that could reduce the cost of materials handling and waste. Equipment: The company is the second largest company and need to update about the technology and equipment those are using within the operations. The company is spending huge amount of money on marketing, innovation and employee but if the food processing equipments not giving desired out could lead to loss of revenue, service and resources. The company should up-grade the systems that will help the company to perform better. Customer Accessibility: Burger King is facing very fierce competition. The company has less accessible to their customers as compare with the competitors like MacDonalds that why company is losing the business. Although it could, addresses in long term but very necessary because if you spend on product development, sourcing material and advertisement globally then you need to reach the customers accordingly. In this contest, you are not getting the right business due to fewer stores geographically. Conclusion Burger King: This age is competition and innovation with better management of the resources. It is a very strong chain of fast food restaurants all over the world. Being in maturity stage it has high opportunities of introducing its new products and growth. In future, it will be expanding its chain by introducing more outlets in more countries. Although in McDonalds there may be more problems than Burger King but the fact is there cannot be a perfect one in the world. Every organization has its internal problems but Burger King is what it should not be. Because people rely on it hugely. Burger King should serve people with true spirit of the company vision. Personal Reflection: Personal Description and Expectation I would like to describe myself as a very pleasant, diverse, energetic and committed person. I think one of my most distinguishing characteristic is my professional experiences and the business degree I am carrying under my belt. Along with my business education, my experience with the contact centre industry, peoples management that provides me sufficient exposure to manage a team, focuses on the performance and peoples management and delivering quality services. The visionaries place the customer at the core of their organizations business systems. In fact, it takes a visionary to see the mass market, assemble the financial and human resources and be the winner at the market place. My previous experience of management and leadership push me to learn advance techniques of business from the best business school in London. I have known about the practical processes of the business but not have idea about the philosophies of the business and culture of the multinational organization around the world.. Learning Outcomes: When I have started this module in the college and start reading books and other readings found this a real practical course. The theory of quality services and operational strategies I have read were those we were practising in the office in routine. Then I start associating these theories and knowledge with my previous experience that helped me to learn and understand the practices in real world. Learning and Development: With the help of previous practical management experience and latest operational techniques up to date practices I feel very clear changes in my perception about operations. In the past, I was following the pattern, which was designed by the top management to implement the policies. I never challenged those policies and practices due to lack of knowledge and expertise. After completing these multinational corporations operational management approaches I feel very comfortable and confident to take new challenges and responsibilities in future. It gives me in-depth knowledge and practical exposure about the subjects, which help me to start analytical and critical thinking about the projects.

Essay --

STAGE 1: Entrenchment The first stage of conflict escalation develops when a divergence over some issue or frustration in a relationship proves resilient to resolution efforts. The problem remains, and leads to irritation. The threshold to stage 2 is taken when one or both parties lose faith in the possibility of solving the problems through straight and fair verbal discussions. STAGE 2: Debate The parties look for more firm and stronger ways of pushing through their standpoints. The dispute is no longer restricted only to a well-defined issue, but the parties start to feel that their general position is at stake. Debates are no longer only focused on which standpoint has more merits, but also on who is most successful in promoting the standpoints, and how the outcomes of the debates affect one's reputation. When rational and issue-relevant arguments don't promisingly ensure success, the parties resort to "quasi-rational" argumentation, such as the underlying causes of the present problems avoiding blame; strong exaggeration of the implications and consequences of the counterpart's standpoints; suggestive comments about the relation of the central issue with other concerns, linking the issue to larger value ideologies, reference to recognized authorities or tradition in order to gain legitimacy for a standpoint; stating the alternatives as extremes, in order to get the opponent to accept a "reasonable compromise." Discussions now turn into debates, where inflexible standpoints collide. The growing mistrust creates a sense of insecurity and loss of control. Efforts to control the counterpart belong to later escalation stages. The threshold to stage 3 is related to the basic right of each party to be heard of mutual interest. S... ...the adversary. When a party is attacked in a way that threatens to shatter it, it is forced to make strong efforts to suppress internal conflicts. The only restraining factor is the concern for one's own survival. The threshold to stage 9 is reached when the self-preservation drive is given up. When this happens, there is no check at all on further destructiveness. STAGE 9: Total destruction In the last stage of conflict escalation, the drive to annihilate the enemy is so strong that even the self-preservation instinct is neglected. Not even one's own survival counts, the enemy shall be exterminated even at the price of destruction of one's own very existence as an organization, group, or individual. All bridges are burnt, there is no return. The only remaining concern in the race towards the other side is to make sure that the other side is equally destructed too.

Thinking

I am thirty four years of age. I'm originally from Trinidad and Tobago W. L. Came to America twenty years ago, lived in Brooklyn New York, and attended south shore high school and graduated. I'm a very proud and active mother of five children four boys and one girl. I am truly blessed to have my kids In my life. My children play a very big part in my life they are my world. My two boys play basketball, and the other two plays football, my daughter Is a cheerleader, they also o swimming.We do a lot of traveling In the summer time; explore deferent ways of life and what life has to offer, until we ended up In the state of Pennsylvania. I have been In the medical field for over fifteen years, as a companion In homes also In hospitals now am a nurses aid, I love taking care of the elderly and the mentally challenged patients. Taking care of people I enjoy and love doing, I assist my patients with activities and dally living Including bathing, dressing, eating etc.My Job requires hours of walking, standing and heavy Lifting of patients. When I'm not working I'm cooking cleaning and spending time with my kids doing adventures things, I make sure and put that time in with my children. I am a single mother doing it on my own: I think I have the motherly part under control so far. Now I'm back in school pursing my dreams of graduating from college and getting a better paying job with my degree. My kids support my every step, and I am so excited to be back in school.